Managerial Support Global Market

Question: Talk about the Managerial Supportfor Global Market. Answer: Presentation Use of Business Intelligence in the Company The organization picked for execution of the business insight is SABIC, a worldwide expanded synthetic concoctions producing organization. The organization is centered around development while accomplishing development and supportability in the worldwide market. The researchers of the organization are engaged in acknowledging the quick demands in the market. Be that as it may, with the utilization of business knowledge, the organization can successfully utilize their advancements while improving their information mining administrations and capacity (Tierney, 2014). The business insight that SABIC must use in the part of information perception, progressed examination, current investigation stage is Oracle Business Intelligence 12C. Current Analytics Platform- SABIC can interface legitimately to Big information, Oracle hotspots for more extravagant and more extensive examination. The business insight apparatus can help the pioneers of SABIC while getting to and making sure about information in the cloud or in the portable. It will help in concentrating the measurements and information models for complete portrayal (Tierney, 2014). Information Visualization- SABIC will be capable in making story in the business by utilizing distinctive outwardly dazzling examination. The organization can improve its profitability with visual work processes and instinctive. SABIC will get remarkable and new bits of knowledge while making different information concoction. SABIC will upgrade the library while revealing the concealed information designs (Greenwald, Stackowiak Stern, 2013). Progressed Analytics- It will engage the key leaders of SABIC while taking snappy choices in discovering answers to measurable and prescient inquiries. It will empower the business experts of SABIC while making blend informational collections by running the R contents in the group mode. The business experts of SABIC can pick distinctive pre-assembled capacities while expanding the current investigation with the R contents (Greenwald, Stackowiak Stern, 2013). References Greenwald, R., Stackowiak, R., Stern, J. (2013).Oracle basics: Oracle database 12c. O'Reilly Media, Inc. Tierney, B. (2014).Predictive Analytics Using Oracle Data Miner: Develop Use Data Mining Models in Oracle Data Miner, SQL PL/SQL. McGraw-Hill Education Group.

Amalgamate Essays - Nudity, Art Genres, Mermaid, Nereids, Grotesque

Amalgamate Essays - Nudity, Art Genres, Mermaid, Nereids, Grotesque Amalgamate Misericordia University Amalgamate Presentation I have decided to open a workmanship display titled Amalgamate. The meaning of the word Amalgamate is to join or joined which is the thing that all the pieces will achieve in some design. The room would have dim dividers and a quieted shading floor with each piece having its own delightfully calculated light to feature the piece without anyone else. Each piece in the show will blend things somehow or in some shape and become some portion of the peculiar by the definition that Connelly as given as Images assembled under the twisted rubric incorporate those that consolidate dissimilar to things so as to challenge set up real factors, or build new ones; those that twist or decay things; and those that are changeable (Connelly, 2003) Mermaid Hunt The primary piece to be seen would be a piece named Mermaid Hunt by Tom Lockwood. Upon first look the piece has great and wonderful hues until one inspects the piece further to then notification that the mermaids are chasing people similarly as people used to chase them. At the base right hand of the piece it shows skulls on a platform with a mermaid dropping another on its highest point. The shading palette utilizes splendid blues with traces of gold and green on the primary mermaid at the focal point of the workmanship. There are two mermaids out of sight lurched on either side of the principle mermaid. The hues on every one of these ladies out of sight are more quieted than and not as splendid as different parts of the work of art. Upon close review you notice the various sorts of sharks surrounding the mermaids as though they are helping in the chase of principle in light of the fact that simply like the mermaids they have been pursued and they are both endeavoring to sanction vengeance on the people. The piece is grotesques since it combines reality into the magical as well as consolidations the body of a human with the tail of a fish. A mermaid is a converging of two spirits to get one. It joins two improbable things and structures them into one (Connelly 2003). The craftsman distorts two creatures consolidating them into a ridiculous structure that cause the psyche to scrutinize the potential outcomes of such an animal. Another angle that makes it be bizarre is the distension of death into the piece. The skulls and even the title of the craftsmanship infer and show the passing of people by having the skulls in the cutting edge of the piece and not out of sight as in different pieces and by naming the piece the Mermaid Hunt. Song of Demise Song of Demise by Linda Bergkvist is the second painting which is in the display. From the start sight the image seems dull and based on death. There are numerous focuses that make this work of art fall into the bizarre. The dress of the woman is deteriorating as it seems to have tears and worn territories at the base. The harp has strings that have broken and no longer capacity as a major aspect of the instrument. The principle focal point of the piece is the dim type of a past man. The man and lady seem to have been darlings isolated by death however are converging in soul through the music. They are in a decimated and flimsy memorial park that shows the hands of spirits aiming high. The greater part of these parts of the artwork push the limits of the real world and traverse into the dubious supernatural side of death. The general shading palette of the piece is dim with many mixed and hazy looking lines, for example, in her hair and the apparition himself shows up absolutely clou dy coming up short on any lines that would be fresh. By and large I discover this canvas to have a delicate impact with no cruel visual viewpoints. Centaur Warrior Stage 4 The computerized workmanship Centaur Warrior Stage 4 is created by Michael Anthony Gonzales and is a cutting edge type of craftsmanship that accompanied the advanced age. The piece is another type of the converging of spirits. The consolidating of half human half mammoth finishes in this savagely bizarre picture. It looks as though she is battling as far as possible as she

Program Assistant Introduction Julia Chung COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Program Assistant Introduction Julia Chung COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Were introducing our new group of program assistants with the Office of Admissions. Youve already met Niara and Kier, so now please meet Julia! Julia Chung was born and raised in New Jersey but hopes to be considered an honorary New Yorker. She is a second-year MPA student concentrating in Urban and Social Policy and specializing in Technology, Media, and Communications. After graduating from Vassar College with a BA in Sociology and a minor in Asian Studies, Julia worked at various nonprofits in New York City on issues including housing, immigration, education, and civic engagement. Photo courtesy of: Sandy Zhang What were you doing before you came to SIPA? Before SIPA, I spent four years working at various nonprofits in New York City, focusing on immigration advocacy and civic engagement. After working on various grassroots-level campaigns, I realized that I needed more knowledge and expertise. I decided that the best way to serve my community was to first learn how to create better policies and how to better include multiple voices and communities in policy-making. What attracted you to SIPA and Columbia University? When looking at graduate schools, the two factors that were most important to me were the classes and professors and where the school was located. I wanted to be in a city so I could remain involved in local issues and I wanted professors that had expertise on social policy and municipal governments. After my acceptance, I sat in on Mark Steitz’s Data Driven Approaches to Campaigns and Advocacy class. Less than half way through the class, I knew that SIPA was the school for me. It was clear that SIPA would not only provide the theory and best-practices about policymaking, but also teach the practical skills I needed to further my career. How did you find the core curriculum at SIPA? With no previous quantitative experience, I was apprehensive about the economics and quantitative analysis series. However, in the end, I found both to be extremely useful. Microeconomics and macroeconomics provided me greater insight in why governments make certain decisions around monetary and fiscal policy. And having enjoyed Quantitative Analysis I, I enrolled in Quantitative Analysis II, which is not required, the next semester. Now I highly recommend all students to take Quantitative Analysis II because I think it’s crucial for all policymakers to know how critique the methods of an academic journal article. How did you obtain your internship? I found the general internship posting for NYC Department of Transportation on SIPAlink, our platform for career resources. Having had mainly nonprofit experience, I was looking for opportunities in municipal government. Soon after sending in my resume and cover letter, I was invited to interview with the Grants Management team and offered a College Aid position. What are your goals for the second year? Having completed all my core classes for my degree and concentration in my first year, almost all my second year classes will be elective courses. My goal for the second year is to continue building my skills in design thinking and data analysis. I also want to take classes in other Columbia University schools, such as Mailman School of Public Health and Columbia Business School. What do you think makes a good SIPA student or what qualities do stellar SIPA students typically possess? I think stellar SIPA students typically are: Skilled in time management. There’s quite a bit to juggle between lectures, recitations, office hours, club meetings, networking events, group projects, and life in general! A stellar student knows exactly how much they can take on, where to allocate their energy and when they need to say no and have some self-care time. Open minded and willing to listen to other perspectives. Classmates are from all walks of life with different personal and professional experiences. We don’t always agree on the merits of certain policies or hold similar political views, but we have to respectfully hear the other perspective. Proactive in getting involved in SIPA and off campus. There are so many events and opportunities at SIPA, but also in New York City. Stellar students do their research and get involved!

LSAT Sections Whats on the LSAT

The LSAT, or Law School Admission Test is a standardized test required for admission to U.S. law schools. It is organized into four scored sections—Logical Reasoning (two sections), Analytical Reasoning (one section), and Reading Comprehension (one section)—as well as one unscored experimental section and a writing sample. The writing portion is not part of the in-person test administration; it can be completed online up to one year after the day you take the LSAT. Overview of LSAT Sections Section Time Structure Logical Reasoning #1 35 minutes 24-26 multiple-choice questions Logical Reasoning #2 35 minutes 24-26multiple-choice questions Reading Comprehension 35 minutes 4 passages, 5-8 multiple-choice questions each Analytical Reasoning (Logic Games) 35 minutes 4 logic games, 4-7 multiple-choice questions each Experimental Section 35 minutes 24-28 multiple-choice questions Writing Sample 35 minutes 1 essay prompt LSAT scores range from 120 to a perfect 180. The median score is 151. Exactly what score you must earn to gain admission to law school depends on which schools are on your list. For example, students accepted to top law schools typically score well over 160. The LSAT is offered nearly every month on a Saturday morning or Monday afternoon. If you dont get the score you want, you can retake the LSAT up to three times in one admissions cycle, or five times in a five-year period. Logical Reasoning   There are two Logical Reasoning sections on the LSAT. Both sections have the same structure: 24-26 multiple choice questions based on short argument passages. Within Logical Reasoning, there are several question categories, including Must Be True, Main Conclusion, Necessary and Sufficient Assumptions, Parallel Reasoning, Flaw, and Strengthen/Weaken. Logical Reasoning questions are designed to measure your ability to analyze and evaluate arguments. You should be familiar with the components of an argument and be able to quickly identify an arguments evidence and conclusion. Its also important to be able to read and comprehend passages quickly because of the 35-minute time constraint for each section.   Analytical Reasoning The Analytical Reasoning section (commonly called Logic Games) contains four short passages (setups) followed by 5-7 multiple-choice questions apiece. Each setup has two parts: a descriptive list of variables and a list of conditions (e.g. X is bigger than Y, Y is smaller than Z, etc). The questions ask you to determine what could or must be true, based on the setups conditions. This section tests your ability to make deductions and does not require any knowledge of law. Knowing how to diagram setups correctly and understanding the meaning of words like nor and or are essential for success on this section. Reading Comprehension The Reading Comprehension section is comprised of four passages followed by 5-8 questions apiece, for a total of 26-28 multiple-choice questions. The passages cover a variety of topics within the categories of humanities, natural science, social science, and law.  One of the passages is comparative reading and contains two short texts; the other three are all single texts. The questions in this section test your ability to compare, analyze, apply claims, draw correct inferences, apply ideas and arguments in context, understand an authors attitude, and derive information a written text. To succeed, you should be able to read passages efficiently, identify main points quickly, and understand how to keep track of a passages structure. Its important to be able to read the passage and identify the main point quickly. Writing Sample The writing sample is the final section of the LSAT. It is sent to law schools to help with their admissions decisions, but it isn’t factored into your LSAT score. The writing section is comprised of a prompt that requires you to take a stance on an issue. The prompt is structured as a situation with two conditions (listed as bullet points) followed by two options for how to address the situation. You must choose one of the two options and write an essay arguing in favor of it and explaining why you made that choice. There is no right or wrong answer in this section. Rather, the essay is evaluated on the strength of your argument in support of your choice (and against the other choice). Focus on writing a well-structured essay with a clear point of view, and make sure to both support your choice and criticize the other choice. Although it is not part of your LSAT score, this section is nevertheless important, as many law schools do look at the writing sample when assessing your writing skills. Experimental Section Every LSAT includes one unscored experimental section. The purpose of this section is to measure the effectiveness of questions and determine difficulty ratings for future LSAT questions. The experimental section, made up of 24-28 multiple choice questions, can be an extra reading comprehension, logical reasoning, or analytical reasoning section. Youll be able to tell which category has an experimental section by figuring out which category has an extra section. For instance, if there are two reading comprehension sections, youll know that one of those sections is experimental, because the LSAT only has one scored reading comprehension section. However, theres no way of knowing which section is the experimental one, so you must treat every section on the test as though it will be scored.

How Does the Phonology of a One Year Old Differ Free Essays

How does the phonology of a one year old differ from that of a two-three year old? Describe the main changes to be expected over the first year of word use. A child between one and three years undergoes considerable development in their phonological ability (Ingram, 1986). They adopt specific phonological processes and it will be explored when and how children use these to attain accurate pronunciations and how individual differences affect phonological development. We will write a custom essay sample on How Does the Phonology of a One Year Old Differ or any similar topic only for you Order Now Grunwell (1981) suggests that the first six months of productive language development (0. 9-1. years) is word-based, because of the limited phonetic variants and progressive changes in pronunciation. However, he suggests 1. 6-2. 0 years is the end of the first stage of speech development, which is co-occurrent with the achievement of an active vocabulary of 50 words. Menn Vihman (2011) suggest that these early words parallel babbling, in that they are characterised by unmarked elements and structures, such as plosives, nasals and glides; simple vowels and CV structures. This stage of development in a child’s inventory may be characterised as a ‘proto-system’, as the child-forms do not resemble adult words (Grunwell, 1981). However, the child’s early phonetic inventory (table 1) suggests that the child has a basic contrastive system and indicates that their phonological system has commenced, which will see an increase in new words and the emergence of two-word utterances (Grunwell, 1981). m| n| p b| t d| w| | Table 1: A phonetic inventory of a child 1. 6-2. 0 years (Grunwell, 1981). Grunwell (1981) presents a ‘chronology of phonological processes’ (p175) which reflects a child’s phonological development in terms of the disappearance of simplifying processes between 2. 0-4. years. These processes are summarised in table 2 and show that reduplication and consonant harmony are the only structural simplification processes outgrown by age two, which agree with the findings of Vihman Greenlee (1987). Structural simplification is generally typical of the earlier stage of phonological development (Vihman, 2004). However, phonological processes; final consonant deletion, cluster reduc tion, fronting, gliding and stopping are regularly used by children until nearly age three, with less consistent use thereafter (Vihman et al, 1986). Vihman (2004) states that half of her three-year-old subjects used gliding and palatal fronting, but the substitution of inter-dental fricatives were regularly used by all subjects and are associated with the highest frequency of errors. Table 2 suggests that velar fronting in particular is the first systemic simplification to be outgrown, at 2. 6 years. Despite this, it shows that obstruents do not occur in a child’s inventory until age three, and that these must be mastered before obstruent and liquid clusters can be produced correctly (Vihman, 2004). Vihman Greenlee (1987) show that the specific phonetic tendencies found at age one seem to be unrelated to the phonological errors at age three and suggest that phonetic preferences change over time. Vihman (2004) suggests that children with an exploratory approach to phonological development explore a wide range of sounds at age one and were more likely to delete consonants at age three, whereas children with a systematic approach constrain their word selection patterns at age one and are less likely to use whole-word processes at age three (Vihman, 2004). However, Vihman Greenlee (1987) show that 73% of children’s utterances at age three were judged intelligible, which correlates with lower phonological error scores. In conclusion, individual differences are a significant in ones phonological system and problematic in generalising ‘normal’ developments. However, a three year old child will have overall relative phonological advance (Vihman Greenlee, 1987) and the majority of simplifying phonological processes used at age one will no longer apply regularly (Vihman, 2004). References Grunwell, P. 1981) The development of Phonology: A Desciptive Profile. First Language. 2: 161-191 Ingram, D (1986) Ch10: Phonological Development: Production. In Fletcher, P Garman, M. Language acquisition pp223-239 CUP: UK 2nd Edition Menn, L. Vihman, M. M. (2011) Part V: Features in Phonological development: Features in Child Phonology: Inherent, Emergent, or Artefacts of Analysis? In Clements, N. G Ridouane, R (Ed) Where do Phono logical Features Come From? Cognitive, Physical and developmental bases of distinctive speech categories. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p259-303 Vihman, M. M (2004) Ch3: Later Phonological Development. In Bernthal, J. E Bankson, N. W, Articulation and Phonological Disorders, pp105-138. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. 5th Edition. Vihman, M. M. , Ferguson, A. Elbert, M (1986) Phonological development from babbling to speech: common tendencies and individual differences. Applied Pyscholinguistics, 7: 3-40 Vihman, M. M. Greenlee, M. (1987) Individual Differences in Phonological Development: Ages one and three years Journal of speech and hearing research. 30: 503-521 How to cite How Does the Phonology of a One Year Old Differ, Essay examples

Why Did Picasso Go Back To Cubism Essay Example For Students

Why Did Picasso Go Back To Cubism Essay Pablo Picasso was born in the twelvemonth 1881 ; he lived through the First World War, through the Spanish civil war and through the Second World War1. Of these epochs of human calamity, the Spanish civil war seemed to impact him the most. Picasso was in France during the belligerencies and as such was non obligated to contend for either side during the war. Despite Picasso s strong communist propensities his attachment to pacificism meant that he would non assist in the battle against the Patriots straight. When Franco s fascists gave the green visible radiation to the Nazi Luftwaffe to level the wholly defenceless town of Guernica it gave the universe a minute of intermission. The ensuing deceases of 400 noncombatants drove Picasso from inaction2. He painted Guernica in 1937, it was an baronial cubist picture that depicted the 16 stat mis of arrant desolation, horror and hopelessness2. The picture was Picasso s protest against the senseless killing that ravished his state and it was exhibited all over the universe so that others could understand the deepness of his heartache. The different positions that are present in cubist plants ( normally ) can approximately be fit together to organize an overarching position from which the full image that the writer is depicting can be seen. This overarching position is perceptibly absent from Guernica. Picasso s pick to utilize cubism without giving the image coherency was peculiarly disposed as he was seeking to depict the inanity of the events that took topographic point. The picture that is in inquiry is cubist and it portions similarities to both analytical cubism and man-made cubism but does non absolutely fit into either class. The picture lacks a individual incorporate position which is characteristic of both types of cubism. Besides perceptibly absent is the vivid colourss that is frequently seen in man-made cubism but non in analytical cubism. This being said, Guernica besides does non hold the crude colourss that are normally found in analytical cubism. Like other man-made cubist plants, the picture incorporates parts of the existent universe ( newspaper print ) into its construction. Picasso was populating in France at the clip of the bombardment and possibly this is how he found out about the bombardment. Picasso gave his picture genuineness by integrating into it pieces of the existent universe. The picture besides does non look to be a individual image that has been broken down in order to be analyzed and so reassembled. This procedure wou ld necessitate cold withdrawal which this picture lacks. It seems to be more of a montage of different images that have been held together by Picasso s emotional province at the clip. He compressed the different horrors of the bombardment together into a individual 11 x25 uniqueness of suffering3. The picture is far more reactionist than it is analytical. The pick of curtailing the picture to black, gray and white is suiting as those are the colourss of bereavement. The first parts of the picture that draw our attending are the bull at the left of the picture and the Equus caballus in the centre of the picture. The bull stands in forepart of a door or a big window and its tail looks like it is composed of fires. This may be symbolic for the province the small town was in after the bombardment ; Windowss that were one time lit with lamps were now lit with fires. Below the bull sits a lady who is keeping a dead kid in her weaponries. She seems to be looking into the celestial spheres and shouting at the German pilots. It is hard to state if she is cussing them or if she is naming them so back to stop her heartache so that she can be with her kid one time more. Traveling to the right a deceasing adult male can be seen on the floor gazing at the celestial spheres in torment with his right arm severed, but still seizing a broken blade. The villagers in Guernica were so incapacitated that all they had to contend the bombers of the German Luftwaffe wit h was crisp implements. Above him is a deceasing Equus caballus that is riddled with shrapnel. The newspaper print in this picture was chiefly used to build the Equus caballus. The Equus caballus s right forepart leg seems to sketch the caput of another animate being that it is standing on. The presence of the animate beings in Guernica is non surprising given the rural nature of the Basque town. It was non merely the people that suffered, 100s of animate beings must hold besides died in awful provinces of fright and confusion. Above the Equus caballus is a light bulb, the type of visible radiation that is normally found in question suites. It seems to stand for the agony of the Basque people at the custodies of Franco even before the events that transpired in 1937. .u91a4aa31430c6b42f0759ec0d8ad775a , .u91a4aa31430c6b42f0759ec0d8ad775a .postImageUrl , .u91a4aa31430c6b42f0759ec0d8ad775a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u91a4aa31430c6b42f0759ec0d8ad775a , .u91a4aa31430c6b42f0759ec0d8ad775a:hover , .u91a4aa31430c6b42f0759ec0d8ad775a:visited , .u91a4aa31430c6b42f0759ec0d8ad775a:active { border:0!important; } .u91a4aa31430c6b42f0759ec0d8ad775a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u91a4aa31430c6b42f0759ec0d8ad775a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u91a4aa31430c6b42f0759ec0d8ad775a:active , .u91a4aa31430c6b42f0759ec0d8ad775a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u91a4aa31430c6b42f0759ec0d8ad775a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u91a4aa31430c6b42f0759ec0d8ad775a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u91a4aa31430c6b42f0759ec0d8ad775a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u91a4aa31430c6b42f0759ec0d8ad775a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u91a4aa31430c6b42f0759ec0d8ad775a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u91a4aa31430c6b42f0759ec0d8ad775a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u91a4aa31430c6b42f0759ec0d8ad775a .u91a4aa31430c6b42f0759ec0d8ad775a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u91a4aa31430c6b42f0759ec0d8ad775a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Comparison Between The Works Of Amedeo Modigliani And Jacques Villon EssayIn the left corner of the picture there is a adult female that is lodging her caput out of the window with a lamp in her manus. She is the lone individual in the picture who is non gazing at the sky, possibly she is meant to be the international community who were appalled at the bombardment but seemingly non aghast plenty to make anything about it. Underneath her is a gimping adult female whose vesture has been torn and whose leg appears to be broken. Following to her is a adult male who is trapped under rubble and is throwing his custodies in the air in despair as he is accosted by the fires. The fires have besides escaped the house behind him through its roof. At the right terminal of the picture is door that sits ajar, it is imaginable that this is the door through which hope escaped the people of Guernica. The Spanish civil war started when a group of disgruntled generals in the Spanish ground forces, lead by Franco, attempted ( and finally succeeded ) to subvert the democratically elective authorities. The war was a peculiarly atrocious one because of foreign intervention. Germany and Italy sponsored the fascists, while the USSR supported the ousted authorities forces ( republicans ) . Hitler s program was to maintain Mussolini ( his Italian ally ) occupied with the Spanish job so that he would be unimpeded and would be able to concentrate on his readyings for war in Europe. This meant that Germany supplied the fascists with the purpose to maintain the war traveling on every bit long as possible. They provided merely adequate equipment and support so that Franco would non be defeated, but non plenty for him to win outright. The war of abrasion went on for about four old ages during which all of Spain suffered. The Basque were peculiarly targeted by the patriots ( fascist ) because the y did non conform to accommodate Franco s wants. Franco wanted to organize a strong cardinal authorities that would govern every facet of Spanish life. The Basque people wanted a high degree of liberty from the authorities and some even wanted complete independency. As the republican cabal was willing to listen to their demands, the Basque sided with them when the civil war started. There were many lending factors to the bombardment. The Nazis wanted to prove out their developing air force and Franco was turning weary of Basque opposition. The extent of Franco s annoyance at the Basque could be seen in the Torahs that he passed to eliminate Basque linguistic communication and civilization even after he was winning. Guernica was chosen because of its defencelessness, its importance to the Basque people and because if it s strategic significance ( to cut off the republican retreat ) . After the three hours of bombardment, really small remained of the metropolis and around six per centum of the population lay dead. The horror that was felt by the universe was non merely because of the figure of people that died, but it was in the celer ity with which the violent death was done. Picasso was non the lone individual horrified by the bombardment ; the fascists who had called in the bombardment were besides horrified by the consequences. The slaughter produced by this one foray revealed to Franco the form of things to come in the Second World War and was an of import ground behind why Spain remained impersonal in this war. Picasso s picture made the bombardment of Guernica more than merely a intelligence headline. His usage of cubism allowed him to depict the bloodcurdling scene. The manner accurately described the tattered metropolis of Guernica and competently communicated the upset and confusion felt by its occupants. The deficiency of points to concentrate on within the picture adds to this sense of confusion. The painting stairss off from the impersonal manner that is common to cubist pictures and accurately depict the horrors and the monochromatic hopelessness of war. Picasso s greatest accomplishment with Guernica was that he used little more than pigment and a canvas to for good chase away society s romantic impressions of war.

Internship Report on Meezan Bank Essay Example

Internship Report on Meezan Bank Paper ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Internship training for  the students of Commerce and Business is a complimentary portion of the education,  where students are  put at  various organizations of  their respective  specialization; to see and apply their theoretical knowledge what they have studied dur ing their academic program at the institute. Meezan Bank is one of those organizations where student can achieve his/her academic and  professional knowledge productively. In the preparation of this internship report, I acknowledge the encouragement and assistance given by a number of people from Meezan Bank Ltd. I found every one very co-operative and helpful for providing me the theoretical as well as practical knowledge about the function and operation of the bank. I am heartly grateful to CAD ( Housing) department, Manager CAD The Senior Vice President, Mustafa Mohsin, Assistant Manager Syed Adnan Ali, Officer Aurangzab, Qaiser, Naeem Javed. They have been most supportive people throught my internship. And I want to pay my thanks to Humail Jilani, Sana mehmood, Salman, Kashif, Ali, Rehan, faraz from Car Ijarah. Faraz Ahmed Jalal, Habeeb Siddiqui, Noman Ahmed Akif From Labbaik Laptop. Akrama Farroqi, Salman, Fahad Khan, from Housing. Raza Saeed, Amir, from RMU for their cooperation.. ABSTRACT This report is specially meant for students of commerce. It is concerned to a brief study of the operations, functions, Products and Services of Meezan Bank. Meezan Bank is the largest Islamic Banking Network of pakistan. Islamic banking one of the fastest growing segments of the financial industry. We will write a custom essay sample on Internship Report on Meezan Bank specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Internship Report on Meezan Bank specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Internship Report on Meezan Bank specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Banks serving the Islamic population must comply with several very specific principles of Islamic law if they hope to retain existing customers and attract new ones. Banks must be ready with specialized products and services and they must put programs in place to train their personnel to support these products and services in order to exist in this competitive marketplace. This Report contains detail of MBL Management structure, products and Functions along with their features. It also includes departmental work in MBL Consumer Head Office. INTRODUCTION OF MEEZAN BANK Meezan Bank Limited, a publicy listed company was incorporated on January 27, 1997 and started its operations as an investment Bank in August that year. In January 2002 Meezan bank was granted as nations full-fledged commercial bank licence as a dedicated Islamic Bank, by The State Bank of Pakistan. Meezan Bank is the first and largest Islamic Bank in Pakistan having a network of over 220 branches in over 60 cities across Pakistan. Meezan Bank offers a complete range of Islamic banking products and services, including free online banking for all Pak Rupee account at all its branches. Meezan Bank today a noteworthy point along with the evaluation of Islamic Banking in pakistan. Meezan Bank  is catering to an increasingly astute and demanding financial consumer who is also becoming keenly aware of Islamic Banking. Meezan Bank bears the critical responsibility of leading the way forward in establishing dynamic and stabled Islamic Banking System. Meezan Bank offereing valuable products and services to its customers without any violation of shariah principles. MISSION VISION STATEMENT OF MEEZAN BANK Vision [pic] |   | | |   | | |Establish Islamic banking as banking of first choice to facilitate the implementation of an equitable| | |economic system, providing a strong foundation for establishing a fair and just society for mankind. | Mission [pic] |   | | |   | | |To be a premier Islamic bank, offering a one-stop shop for innovative   | | |value-added products and services to our customers within the bounds of Shariah, while optimizing | | |the stakehol ders value through an organizational culture based on learning, fairness, respect for | | |individual enterprise and performance. | Service Mission [pic] |   | | |   | | |   | | |To develop a committed service culture which ensures the consistent delivery of our products and | | |services within the highest quality service parameters, promoting Islamic values and ensuring | | |recognition and a quality banking experience to our customers. | SHARIAH SUPERVISORY BOARD MEEZAN BANK The basic principle of Islamic banking follows the laws of Sharia, known as Fiqh al-Muamalat (Islamic rules on transaction). The term â€Å"Islamic banking† is synonymous with â€Å"full-reserve banking† and â€Å"Sharia-compliant banking. † Members of the Shariah Supervisory Board of Meezan Bank are Internationally-renowned scholars, serving on the boards of many Islamic banks operating in different countries. The members of the  Board are: Justice (Retd. ) Muhammad Taqi Usmani ( Chairman) ? Dr. Abdul Sattar Abu Ghuddah ? Sheikh Essam M. Ishaq ? Dr. Muhammad Imran Ashraf Usmani (Shariah Advisor) ? The Board of Directors of Meezan Bank: †¢ H. E. Sheikh Ebrahim Bin Khalifa Al-Khalifa  (Chairman) †¢ Mr. Abdullateef A. Al-Asfour †¢ Mr. Rana Ahmed Humayun †¢ Mr. Mohammed Azzaroog Rajab †¢ Mr. Ahmed Abdul Rahim Mohamed †¢ Mr. Alaa A. Al-Sarawi †¢ Mr. Mian Muhammad Younis †¢ Mr. Mohammad Abdul Aleem †¢ Mr. Irfan Siddiqui  (President CEO) †¢ Mr. Ariful Islam  (Chief Operating Officer) MEEZAN BANK SEGMENTS Meezan Bank is managed by a team of professional bankers committed to the cause of Islamic Banking. This single unifying factor unleashes the tremendous power of a dedicated and motivated team committed to fulfilling the Vision and Mission of this Bank. The business segments of the Bank are: †¢ Consumer  Banking †¢ Corporate Banking †¢ Investment Banking †¢ Commercial Banking  (including Small and Medium Enterprises) †¢ Treasury Financial Institutions †¢ Asset Management (managed through a subsidiary Al Meezan Investment Management Ltd. ) PRODUCTS AND SERVICES OF MEEZAN BANK Banks that comply with Islamic law are forbidden to charge interest or late payment fees, which is also considered a type of riba. To minimize risk, banks will often require a large down payment on goods and property, or insist upon large collateral. It is lawful for the Bank to charge a higher price for a good if payments are deferred or collected at a later date since it is considered a trade for goods rather than collecting interest. Sharia-complaint banking products include Mudharabah (profit sharing), Wadiah (safekeeping), Musharakah (joint venture), Murabahah (cost plus) and Ijarah (leasing). Another way that banks work within Islamic laws while trying to turn a profit is by buying an item that the customer wants, and then selling the item to the customer at a higher price. Products Of Meezan Bank 1) Car Ijarah [pic] 2) Housing Finance (MUSHARKAH) [pic] 3) Meezan Lap-Top (MUSSAWAMA) [pic] 4) Meezan Labbaik Ummrah [pic] CAR IJARAH (YOUR OWN CAR. QUICK, AFFORDABLE HALAL! ) An Islamic Ijarah is an asset-based contract, i. e. he Lessor should have ownership of the asset during the period of the contract. Under Islamic Shariah, all ownership related rights and liabilities should lie with the owner while all usage-related rights and liabilities should lie with the user. A conventional lease contract does not distinguish between the nature of these liabilities and places all liabilities on the user of the asset, contradictory to Islamic Shariah. Under Car Ijarah in Meezan Bank, all ownership-related risks lie with the Bank while all usage related risks lie with the user, thus making the Lessor the true owner of the asset and making the income generated through the contract permissible (Halal) for the Bank. MODES OF CAR IJARAH There are two separate entities in Car ijarah. 1) INDIVIDUAL Salaried individuals, With necasary documents and conditions can apply for Car Ijarah Facility. 2) CORPORATE †¢ SME’S Small Business Entities. SME’s are legal entities that work on small basis. Sole Propritership Partnership having less than 50 Million current assets are called SME’s. †¢ COMMERCIAL To lie in Commercial Entities, A firm must have sales of 300 millions above 50 million current assets. †¢ CORPORATE Corporate are those Entities having above 700 millions sales. Mostly the Companies registered under companies Ordinance are corporate firm. Tenure:3 to 5 years Security Deposit:0 to 50% ( 0% S. D is not for Individual Clients, because due to State Bank regulations relaxation can be given to Corprates. ) Key Features of Car Ijarah †¢ Low monthly rental. †¢ Rental paid after delivery, not in advanced. †¢ Fastest processing and delivery. †¢ Tracker option available. †¢ Minimum security deposit. †¢ All new, used, local, imported and luxury vehicles can be financed Additional Car Ijarah features are; †¢ Continuation Of Lease Rentals In Case Of Total Loss Or Theft Of Vehicle If the leased vehicle is stolen or completely destroyed, the conventional leasing company continues charging the lease rent till the settlement of the Insurance claim. Under the Islamic system, rent is consideration for usage of the leased asset, and if the asset has been stolen or destroyed, the concept of rental becomes void. As such, in the above-mentioned eventualities, Meezan bank does not charge the lease rental. †¢ Takaful Instead of Insurance Legally (in accordance to Pakistan’s Law and Regulations), it is required for all leasing entities to insure the leased assets. As such, Meezan Bank insures its leased assets. Meezan Bank insured its assets through Takaful only, which is Islamic product for insurance. The Islamic Insurance Companies in transactions with Meezan Bank are Pak Kuwait Takaful Pak Qatar Takaful. †¢ Permissibility for Penalty of Late Payment of Rent under Islamic Shariah In most contemporary financial leases, an extra monetary amount is charged, in their income, if the rent is not paid on time. This extra amount is the considered as Riba and is Haram. Under Ijarah, the Lessee may be asked to undertake, that if he fails to pay rent on its due date, he will pay certain amount to a charity, which will be administered through the Islamic Bank. For this purpose the bank maintains a charity fund. 2) Easy Home Importance of Halal home finance Owning your own home is one of lifes most important achievements. It represents your security, stability, and is a great blessing in itself. It provides that all-important safety and comfort for you and your loved ones. However, in todays often unpredictable and costly environment, saving the required money can take a lifetime in itself. Rising property prices, taxes, inflation, currency devaluation†¦ its all a very hard bargain. On the other hand, owning your own home and paying an easy installment that takes you step by step towards complete ownership, is so much better than paying a rent which ultimately only adds to your expenses. Added to that is your desire to stay away from interest based financing and be totally Riba-Free, thus  achieving that inner satisfaction and peace of mind you desire so much. Why not have the best of both worlds? Isnt that what you are working so hard for anyway First complete Islamic Home Finance facility in Pakistan! Easy Home is comprehensive, affordable, and totally hassle-free. For at Meezan Bank, people are committed to meeting customers needs, in| |a truly Shariah-compliant manner coupled with dedicated service excellence. | |Islamic Financing on a Dimin ishing Musharakah basis | |With  Easy Home  customer participate with Meezan Bank in a joint ownership of property, where the Bank will provide a certain amount of | |financing usually up to 85%. They agree to a monthly payment to the Bank of which a component is for the use of the home (rent), and | |another for equity share. In fact, the otal monthly payment is  reduced regularly as your share in the property grows. When customers have| |made the full investment that had been agreed, customer become the sole owner with a free and clear title to the property. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Particulars | |Eligibility | | | |Citizenship | |- Pakistani and Non Resident Pakistanis as per policy | | | |Residence Work Address | |Pakistan other countries (NRP) as per policy | | | |Age | |- Minimum age required for a Primary Customer is 25 years. |-Co-applicant must be over 21 years of age. | |- Maximum 65 years old at the time of maturity of facility for Primary Customer . | |- Maximum 70 years old at the time of facility maturity for Co-applicant. | |In case of Salaried Person Applicant and/or Co-applicant, maturity date of facility shall not exceed the date of retirement. | | | |Customer / Applicant | |- Primary (or Single) Co-applicant allowed. | |- Co-applicant must be a member of the immediate family i. e. pouse parents only | | | |Income | |Salaried | |- Minimum Gross Income of PKR 20,000 per month. | |- 100% Co-applicant income will be clubbed in case of spouse. | | | | | |Self-Employed / Business Person | |- Minimum Gross Salary of PKR 50,000 per month. | | |Personal Reference | |- Two personal references (one relative and other office colleague/friend) not living with the customer | | | |Employment Tenure | |Salaried | |- Permanent job with a minimum 2 years continuous work history in the same industry / field. | | | | | |Self-Employed / Business Person | |- Minimum 3 years in current business / industry. | | | | | | |Particulars | |Eligibility  (For NRP Customers) | | | |Citizenship | |Pakistani | | | |Product Category | |Buyer, Builder, Renovation Replacement | | | |Builder / Renovation Cases | |In such cases, a responsible person will be appointed by the NRP customer who will look after construction on Musharakah property/land. | | |Segment | |Salaried Only | | | |Co-applicant for Income clubbing | |50 % of Net income of Parents, Spouse Son | | | |Age (Applicant Co-applicant for calculation of MBL financing amount) | |25 to 60 years | | | |Co-applicant Age (without income clubbing) |25 to 65 years | | | |Income | |Gross PKR 150,000/- above | | | |Employment Tenure | |Two years (minimum) regular experience in same industry. | |Minimum last 1-year existing job in the same country. | | | |Employment Status | |Permanent Contractual | | | |Company Eligibility | |Multinational Co. Well Established Local Corporate Groups | | | |Financing Tenor | |3 to 20 Years | | | |Financing Range | |PKR 0. 3M PKR 40M | | | FEATURES OF EASY HOME COMMENCEMENT OF AGREEMENT. The contract of Diminishing Musharaka house financing can be effected for a future date on the condition that the â€Å"profit† rate is payable after possession of the house by the client. Thus an effective forward contract is allowed despite its prohibition in Islam. It is called â€Å"a later† contract by the Islamic bank. Repayment of principal and â€Å"profit† / rent becomes due on possession of property by the client. 1- TERMINATION OF CONTRACT If the financier contravenes any term of the agreement, the client has the right to terminate the Musharaka contract unilaterally. If there is no contravention on the part of the financier, the contract cannot be terminated without mutual consent by the client. In case of the death of the client the contract will be terminated and it will be renewable by his successors. The client can terminate contract by purchasing the shares of the bank. 2- RISK OF LOSS In the Diminishing Musharaka house financing contract the financier as a Shirkat-ul-Milk participates in â€Å"profit† not in loss, the client will participate in both â€Å"profit† and loss, and the client will bear all losses. 3- OWNERSHIP PROVISION In the Diminishing Musharaka house financing contract the bank and the client co-own the house according to a predetermined ratio, if the bank invests 80% and the client invests 20%, the bank will own 80% of the property. 4- SALE TRANSFER The bank makes an agreement to allow the client to buy the units periodically, thus reducing the share of the bank and increasing the share of the client. This arrangement allows the bank to claim â€Å"rent† according to its proportion of ownership in the property and at the same time allows a periodical return of a part of the principal through purchase of the units of the bank’s share of the house by the client. 5- EXPENSE CONSEQUENT TO OWNERSHIP In Diminishing Musharaka house financing contract the client pays all expenses consequent to ownership, the bank participates in â€Å"profit† not in expenses or losses. 6- SECURITY Meezan Bank and AlBaraka require mortgage deeds. They prefer simple and registered mortgages. 7- LIABILITY OF BANK In Diminishing Musharaka house financing contracts the bank is liable for complying with the terms of the agreements. These include payments according to pre-determined schedules and sale of its share to the client. At the time of agreement the bank must disclose all facts pertinent to the agreement before the agreement is enacted 9- RIGHTS OF BANK’S CLIENT Diminishing Musharaka house financing. In Diminishing Musharaka house financing contracts the following are the rights and the powers of partners. 10-PENALTY ON LATE PAYMENT In Diminishing Musharaka house financing contracts the bank is entitled to charge penalty on late payments. Standard Chartered (Islamic bank), Meezan and Alabaraka charge penalty after 45 days. If the client makes late payments, the bank will continuously charge penalty. ?Easy Home offers customers a comprehensive solution with: †¢ Easy Buyer †¢ Easy Builder †¢ Easy Renovate †¢ Easy Replacement Within these wonderful options come the special benefits of Easy Home. †¢ Flexible Financing Tailored to Support customers. †¢ High financing amounts. †¢ Maximum financing against property value. Flexibility to make partial prepayments. †¢ Minimal processing charges. †¢ Very affordable and competitive monthly payment plan with a regularly reducing  rental amount. Quick Processing Time Absolutely hassle-free. Qu ick turn-around-times, with no burdensome complexities or excess paper work. It’s simple, halal, and easy! Come and take the step towards Riba free financing for your home, made easy with Meezan Banks Easy Home! Easy Buyer Buying a Home is Easy Halal!. †¢ Meezan Bank will finance up to 70% of the appraised value of your home cost to salaried individuals 60% to Businessmen.. †¢ Flexible financing by calculating DBR ( Debt Burden Ratio) Easy selection of financing tenure from a minimum of 2 years  (excluding construction period of max 12 months) up to a maximum of  20 years. ( in some cases it can go with 25 years Tenure) Easy Builder Building a Home is Easy Halal! For that special home you want to build yourself, or to help continue construction you may have already started. †¢ Meezan Bank will finance up to 70% of the appraised value of your home cost to salaried individuals 60% to Businessmen.. †¢ Flexible financing by calculating DBR ( Debt Burde n Ratio) †¢ Easy selection of financing tenure from a minimum of 2 years  (excluding construction period of max 12 months) up to a maximum of  20 years. in some cases it can go with 25 years Tenure) Easy Renovate Renovating your Home is Easy Halal! Making your home even better or just repairing it, do it with Meezan Banks Easy Renovate! Meezan bank finances maximum 30% of the Property Value in case of Renovation. Easy Replace Replacing  your existing mortgage to Islamic mode is Easy Halal †¢ Ready for transaction if it is replaced from Islamic Bank. †¢ It will Take period of 12 Months in case of replacement from Conventional Banks. RENTAL AMOUNT Rent Amount Is calculated with taking three figures. 1) UNIT COST (Dividing financing Amount with Total units/ months) 2) KIBOR ( Karachi Inter Bank Office Rate)Currently 14. 9 3) PROFIT RATE †¢ 3 for Salaried. †¢ 4 for Businessmen. †¢ 2 for listed Companies in Banks profile. RENTAL= UNIT COST+ KIBOR + P ROFIT RATE Modes of payment †¢ UMI †¢ EMI †¢ STEP UP MEEZAN LAPTOP Meezan Bank launches Laptop Ease offer in April 2011. It is a Shariah-compliant laptop financing, for individuals and for corporate class of  pakistan. By choosing this facility, customers can grab at their laptop sets by a process of easy installments.. Special features of Meezan Laptop Ease: †¢ Easy Installment options for financing period for 3 to 24 months. †¢ 2 years warranty with parts provided by vendor. †¢ Free Caring Case will be provided by vendor. Dedicated Call Center by New Horizon (vendor) for addressing after sale issues and providing after sales support to the customers at their door step †¢ Absolutely Free Takaful Coverage. All laptops acquired through Meezan Laptop Ease will be covered by Takaful (Islamic Insurance) before delivery to the customers. †¢ Minimum down payment up to 15% †¢ Laptop model offerings will vary from time to time in consistence wi th the latest upgraded features and market demand. †¢ Minimum age to avail this offer for both individuals and businessmen should be 20 years and maximum age should not cross over 60 and 65 years, respectively. Laptops are available at easy monthly installments of as low as Rs 2,750/- ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA ( BUSINEESMEN SELF EMPLOYED) |   | |Citizenship |Pakistani, Adult, Permanent resident | |   |   | |   |   | |Age |Minimum 20,   Maximum 65   at maturity | |   |   | |   |   | |Income (PKR) |PKR 40,000/- | |   | | |   |   | |Personal Reference |Two personal references (one relative and other office | |   |colleague/friend) not living with the customer. | |   | |   |   | |Employment Business  Tenure |Minimum 2 years in same business | |   |(Business tenure to be verified via Bank Certificate, NTN | | |Certificate, Tax returns, Proprietorship letter, Registered | | |Partnership deed etc) | | |   | SALARIED Citizensh ip |   | |   |Pakistani, Adult, Permanent resident | | |   | |   |   | |Age |Minimum 20, Maximum 60 (Salaried) at maturity | |   |(Applicant maturity date of facility shall not exceed the date of| | |retirement. ) | |   | |   |   | |Income (PKR) |PKR 25,000/- (Gross Salary) | |   |   | |   |   | |Personal Reference |Two personal references (one relative and other office | |   |colleague/friend) not living with the customer. | |   | |   |Permanent job with minimum 1 year continuous working history in | |Employment Business  Tenure |same industry. | |   |Direct company contract valid till maturity date of financing | | |(Total 1 year previous working experience is mandatory). | MEEZAN LABBAIK UMRAH Labbaik Travel Saving Aasaan Labbaik Travel Aasaan Labbaik Travel Aasaan is a completely Halal Riba Free Travel Solution. | | |Key Features | |Completely Halal Shari’ah Approved. |Renowned Travel Agent’s on Meezan Banks panel | |Umrah  Packages for different durations facilities are available | |Complete Visa Processing and Umrah Package Arrangements by selected agent. | |Confirmed return airline tickets | Labbaik Saving Aasaan Account On agreeing to become a Labbaik Saving Aasaan Account holder, you will enter into the relationship of Mudarabah with the Bank. Under this relationship, you will be the Investor (or Rab-ul- Maal) and the Bank will be the Manager (or Mudarib) of the funds deposited by you in the Deposit pool. These funds will be utilized by the Bank to provide financing to customers under Islamic modes of financing, including but not limited to Murabaha, Ijarah, Istisna and Diminishing Musharakah. Meezan  Labbaik Saving Account can be opened by Individuals, Sole-Proprietorships, Partnerships and Limited Companies. Key Features †¢ Meezan Labbaik Savings Aasaan provides a number of features including: †¢ Available for individuals, where customers can open a single / joint account with family members †¢ Labbaik Saving Plan is available for six (06) months to twenty (20) years †¢ Labbaik Saving Account is a Pak Rupee account †¢ It will be a Recurring Deposit Account, where customers will deposit monthly contribution as per the deposit schedule plan Labbaik Saving Account is a non-chequing account, where no cheque book or VISA Debit Card will be issued †¢ Apart from regular monthly deposit contribution customers can deposit additional amounts in order to complet e the deposit amount and make the make the desired journey earlier than initially scheduled †¢ After completion of the desired deposit amount, customers will have a right to travel with Meezan Bank or redeem his funds to go with an alternate company or utilize the funds for alternate purposes †¢ No pre-mature withdrawal schedule will be applied †¢ Customers may redeem 50% of the contribution as per defined procedure, one-time in the entire deposit tenure. Functional Departments Of Meezan Bank †¢ Sales †¢ Credit Inniation (CIU) †¢ Risk Management (RMU) †¢ Credit Administration (CAD) †¢ Collection Recovery 1-SALES Sales is the most important and fundamental function of Revenue generation. They approach the customers through, ? Direct Sales ? Dealers reference ? Branch Customers ? Branch Coordinators ? Telemarketing Functions Of Sales Department †¢ Create marketing strategies to achieve sales targets of a bank. †¢ Implement best practices to meet customers needs and requirements. Implement best practices to meet customers needs and requirements. †¢ Initiate customer retention strategies and build new customers Lead, direct and mentor sales and marketing teams to achieve hundred percent outcome. †¢ Initiate campaign strategies for bank products and services †¢ Resolve customer needs. †¢ Understand customer financial needs and objectives. †¢ Recommend appropriate financial produc t or service to the customer. †¢ Assist and support bank management in delivering customer services †¢ Prepare sales and marketing statements and reports for the top management of the bank. 2-CREDIT INNIATION UNIT It is obvious that  every bank must have an independent department that deals with the credit function. Department in a bank that evaluates the financial condition of credit applicants and maintains a log of loan payments on currently outstanding loans. Credit information is gathered on a confidential basis and stored for future reference. The credit department also responds to requests by other lenders for credit information on a particular borrower CIU makes the case, Reveiw the case, Assess the potentials of the client to repay the assets value, check the opinions and worth of the compamy. 3-RISK MANAGEMENT UNIT MEEZAN BANK’S risk management policy rests on its sound and Islamic bank management culture and complies largely with international Islamic Banking standards, management requirements, corporate governance principles and carries with it the highest ethical values from within the banking profession. The Organizational Structure of the Risk Management Group. The bank has set in place an independent risk management function within The Risk Management department, covering all risks: market, credit and operational risk. The Head of Risk Management reports to the Audit Committee, whose members are chosen among the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors formally approves overall risk management strategies and the direction of business. The Board regularly monitors the banks financial performance, reviews and controls risk management activities and bears the final responsibility of approving the banks risk appetite. Risk Management Department is the center of performing this function. This department reports to the Bank’s Risk Committee, The Head of Risk Management Group. 4-CREDIT ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT Leads centralized credit administration and control department whose function is to provide a uniform and efficient credit administration and control service encompassing completion of security/transaction documentation formalities, safe custody function, MIS development for monitoring of banks exposure from different risk angles to ensure that a high level of credit administration support is provided to the bank’s business units to protect banks risk assets. ? Reveiw the case ? Makes observation ? Disburse The Case ? Generate Installements ? Prepare Legal doucuments Agreements Principal Duties Responsibilities: ? Manage the Documentation and Limits Control Units Prepare accurate documentation of credit facilities to ensure that the same is legally enforceable without lacunas. ? Review security/transaction documents with a view to make it convenient for customers without compromising banks interest. ? Manage effective and efficient safe custody of original security/transacti on documentation and title deeds etc belonging to clients/third parties. ? To ensure that safe custody procedures are meticulously implemented. ? Ensure credit documentation deferrals are effectively followed up with Business Units for perfection within the time allowed. ? Arrange the valuations, from bank’s approved evaluators, of real estates held as collateral in line with Credit Risk Policy. Maintain marked to the market valuation for shares, mutual funds and other marketable securities and advise to business units where and violation of Approval of Finance / Credit Risk Policy occurred. ? To follow up with Business Units for early execution of documentation by clients. ? Immediate and accurate feeding of limits into the system once security documentation is completed by the client. ? Ensure least Turn Around Time (TAT) in line with SLAs with business units. ? Generate / Maintain MIS to monitor the portfolio and to prompt Business Units for timely completion of annual rev iews by providing necessary reports regarding expiring/expired facilities. ? Prepare weekly/monthly Exceptions Report   and circulate daily Overdrawn / Excess Over Limits report to the senior management and business units. Upload the accurate data as per the requirements of regulator. ? Managing and guiding team to execute above responsibility and help in their professional development. ? Managing specific tasks / projects assigned by the CRO from time to time in relation to Credit Administration Control. 5-COLLECTION RECOVERY DEPARTMENT (To Save The Bank’s Assets) The Recovery Collection function is an important component of any Bank’s business operations. The key is knowing when and how to accomplish the sale safely. The key is to  find the best way to minimize the risk of late payment or non-payment by customers. The core activities of the collection department include: †¢ Accelerating cash flow Minimizing bad debt losses †¢ Reviewing and approving new accounts †¢ Developing and updating  credit and collection policies †¢ Managing the collection function †¢ Maintaining current information in the credit file on each active customer †¢ Researching and resolving disputes and deductions that would otherwise delay or prevent payment of accounts receivable †¢ Communicating with other departments within the Bank. †¢ Safeguarding the companys investment in accounts receivable BUCKETS †¢ SMS ALERTS †¢ FRONTEND †¢ MID RANGE †¢ HAND COURT †¢ NON PERFORMING LOAN SMS ELERTS Before due date Sms are sent to the customers. FRONTEND One day past, the payment become Overdue. Frontend is the period from 1 to 29 days. An INTIMATION LETTER is sent to the customer by the bank as a soft reminder and Calls are made. MID RANGE / HARD COURT When overdues are not cleared by the customer within 29 days, Customer entered into 30+ DPD ( Day Past Due) Mid range is the period of 30 days to 59 days. REMINDER LETTER is sent to Customer. Home Visits are made. Tone is changed from soft reminders to aggressive one. NON PERFOMING LOAN 60+ DPD, 60 to 89 days of due payments are called Non Performing Loans. LEGAL NOTICE sent the customer with the time frame of 15 days to settle the payments. After that time limit, bank have the right to Repossess the vehicle. In case of reposession, Bank take the services of Agencies as 3rd party, after reposession Vchile is parked to the warehouse and FINAL LETTER is sent by bank to the customer. In which Total Amount including total purchase price, Over due Rentals, Surcharge amount, Valuation, legal, Parking and deduction of Security Deposit is mentioned. Where customer is offered to settle the account. But if customer fails to settle his account then Banks has options to sell or Auction the vehicle. A file is maintianed, called Repo File. It consists of †¢ Reminder Letter †¢ Copy Of Legal Notice †¢ Lease Agreement Copy †¢ Complete Exise File †¢ Copy Of Customer’s CNIC †¢ Application Form Coppy RECOVERY After 90 days customer entered into 90+ DPD. And Non preforming Loan shifted to Recovery.

Fermentation, is chemical changes in organic substances produced by the action of enzymes Essays

Fermentation, is chemical changes in organic substances produced by the action of enzymes Essays Fermentation, is chemical changes in organic substances produced by the action of enzymes Essay Fermentation, is chemical changes in organic substances produced by the action of enzymes Essay Yeast is a microorganism, and therefore is a living cell. Yeast cells require glucose to make energy. Yeast can break down and respire this glucose in the presence of oxygen, and in the absence of oxygen. This is called aerobic and anaerobic respiration.Aerobic Respiration (with oxygen)Glucose + Oxygen carbon dioxide + WaterC6H1206+02 6C02+6H206Anaerobic Respiration (without oxygen)Glucose methane + carbon dioxideC6H1206 3CH4+3C02As a culture of yeast is merged with solution of sugar, a reaction called fermentation occurs. Fermentation is chemical changes in organic substances produced by the action of enzymes. As products, ethanol and carbon dioxide are produced, in forms of liquid and gas. The rate of reaction can be illustrated by doing appropriate calculation involving the volume of gas produced.In order to react the glucose molecules need enough energy, known as the activation energy. Increasing the temperature increases the numbers of glucose molecules that have sufficient energy to react. Enzymes lower the activation energy needed for the reaction to occur.Research by Ann Fullick shows that at a lower temperature there is very slow fermentation. This is because the glucose molecules havent got very much kinetic energy and so are moving extremely slowly leading to a small amount of Carbon dioxide being made. As the temperature begins to increase the amount of carbon dioxide increases also. This is due to the lock and key mechanism. In the yeast enzyme there is an active site. This has a specific shape especially for use in fermentation. Only a glucose molecule is the right shape to be a substrate for the yeast enzyme active site. When the glucose molecule has enough kinetic energy it slots into the yeast enzymes active site (key fitting into lock). The reaction has then been catalysed and the products cant stay in the active site so they are released. These products are ethanol and carbon dioxide.AimTo investigate the affect of changing temperature on the amount of Carbon Dioxide created in the fermentation of yeastApparatus- Measuring tube- Test tube rack-Test tubes- Water bath- Stop Watch- Kettle- Thermometer- Syringe- Distilled water- Bung- 100cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ of water.- 80cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ of sucrose and yeast.PredictionStudying my research the optimum temperature for the reaction is 40?C because it is the activation energy. The glucose molecules have enough kinetic energy to collide and lock onto the yeast enzymes active sites.After 40?C some of the enzymes begin to denature (change shape) but not all at once. When they denature the glucose molecules cant lock onto the active sites anymore. At around 70?C all of the enzymes become denatured and the active sites have changed shape so no glucose molecules can lock on therefore there is no fermentation. This is a prediction of what my graph will look like.SafetyTo guarantee that my experiment will be done safely and accurately I will:-Tie back all loose hair and clothing-Make sure that the water bath is at an safe temperature, by using a thermometer, before letting it come into human contact-Place all bags and chairs under desks to prevent any accident-Handle all the glassware with caution-Wear safety goggles at all times-Leave an appropriate amount of space between each working groupThe equipment used in this experiment is reasonable safe. However, care is needed in handling glassware, as they are easily broken.Fair TestTo guarantee that the experiment is fair and that my results are trustworthy I will keep certain variables the same. These are my fixed variables. This will be the amount of yeast and water used. I will ensure this by measuring the yeast and water out with a syringe carefully each time. I will use the same equipment each time and make sure that the thermometer has restored to room temperature before using it again. Every repeat I will use fresh water and use new yeast and sucrose.By keeping these things constant will ensure that the experimen t is totally fair. I will repeat my experiment 3 times in order to obtain reliable and fair results. This is very important as the bubble counting may be unreliable as its counting by a person manually so by repeating the experiment will make the result more accurate. This will help me find the average, which will reduce the risk of anomalies.Obtaining evidenceMethodFor my investigation I will be altering the temperature of the yeast and sucrose is and observing how much carbon dioxide is released by counting the bubbles.-I Put 80cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ of yeast in a test tube and 80cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ of sucrose in separate test tube.-I heated 100cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ of water to the temperature, which I was testing-I put both the test tubes containing yeast and sucrose in the water and put thermometers in each of them, then I waited until they settled to the temperature I was testing.-I Attached the two tubes together quickly to try and not let any gas escape, then observed the amount of bubbles produ ced and recorded my results every 10 seconds for 1 minute.-I did this for 30à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½c, 40à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½c, 50à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½c, 60à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½c, 70à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½c, and 80à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½c.-Then I repeated the experiment 3 times to ensure accurate and reliable results.ResultsTemperature (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C)Reading 1(Number of bubbles in 1 minute)Reading 2(Number of bubbles in 1 minute)Reading 3(Number of bubbles in 1 minute)Average(Number of bubbles in 1 minute)3022324011109105016161716602022242270404240418065676365Number of Bubbles (3 Repeats)1020304050603011112240246891050581114151660471115182270112129343842802239475360671020304050603011122240135891150810131516166010141517202070182630333740802234445062651020304050603011222340246899504681315176079141720247014212934384080203440535863AnalysisAnalysisThese results do not comply with my prediction. I predicted that after 40à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C the enzyme would start to denature and become less effective. However this was not the case, as the carbon dioxide bubbles kept increasing all the way up to 80à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C in a strong positive correlation. However this is not a one off anomalies, as I repeated the experiment 3 times and took all safety and fair test precautions. From this experiment I could come to the conclusion that the higher the temperature the more carbon dioxide produced in fermentation. However, as this does not complied with my research I will try and find a reason why my experiment is unreliable. I believe that these results have occurred because the enzymes did not have enough time to denature, as I only carried out the experiment for 1 minute, and this is why they carried on producing carbon dioxide.EvaluatingConclusionI believe the method I used was not unreliable, however I should have used a longer time scale to gave the enzymes time to denature. The results I obtained were accurate up to 50?C, however, after that they began to rise when I predicted that the carbon dioxide levels would fall, these were my anomalou s results.If I would repeat this experiment then I would have carried it on for a longer span of time to give the enzymes a chance to denature. I would have also used larger scale of temperatures so my results would be more reliable.I do not believe that counting the bubbles was a reliable method, because sometimes the bubbles were being released too quickly to count all of them, and the size of the bubbles were not taken into consideration, only the amount of bubbles. I think to improve this you could use a gas syringe to measure the amount of gas produced or put a balloon over the neck of the bottle so you can visually see how much gas is produced. I also think in the higher temperatures some of the bubbles would not be carbon dioxide but because of the higher temperatures they could be from the heat. I believe the results could have been slightly off, by human errors, however if I was to repeat the experiment I would be more careful.If I was to carry out more experiments I could use different concentrations of yeast, or use different pressures and temperatures. To conclude, I believe that I carried out the experiment well and completed my method accurately, fairly and safely. However the results I obtained were not as I predicted and as a result I would like to repeat the experiment with a longer time span, to give the enzymes time to denature at higher temperature.

Group report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Group report - Essay Example I agree with their opinion and also agree with their argument that personal learning reflection is especially helpful for students who want to be future entrepreneur. I cannot deny the fact that, entrepreneurship was probably one of the most challenging and exciting study topic for management student hence there is no surprise why I want to taste my luck in entrepreneurship if I will get opportunity to do so in future course of time. However, in this essay, I will not confine the discussion in the boundary of entrepreneurship rather I will try to shed light on large set of learning and skill aspects. Politis (2005) and Harrison and Leitch (2005) pointed out that learning should be self-directed in order to help a person to grow in sustainable manner. I am not ashamed to admit that I had very little knowledge about fundamentals of business process prior joining the masters program in university but the master’s program in management has really improved my personal understanding about various core elements of management. I must admit that module 1 and module 2 of course were comprehensive enough to give me and my colleagues to improve our personal learning and self awareness about personal skill orientation. These modules were absolute necessity for students who want to know about how to organize an event, how to work in group, how to prepare group report and how to guide a team during contingent situation. There is no doubt in the fact that all the modules in the course proved to be learning opportunity for me and significantly helped me to grow as professional. Throughout this essay, these learning experiences will be critically reflected in order to substantiate my claims that I have learnt a lot from my management degree program. I will take help of the learning cycle theories in order to present my personal learning experiences and the learning cycle model

Statistical regression Statistics Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Statistical regression - Statistics Project Example s sustainable development through the prospering of economy is the key ideology of the United States because sustainable development is the road map to justify the economical growth. This means poverty issues, minimum wage rate and new employment would be the key factors to determine the prosperity of lifestyle of the population for any nation in the long run (Corsetti et al, 2011). The decay of economic growth in the United States has been believed to be of a product of different factors like unemployment rate, consumer price index and inflation control. The economical theory of any healthy market is to keep the flow of capital in the market and it would get stagnated or decline with reduced household disposable income, increased consumer price index and decreased wage rates and employee compensation(Corsetti et al, 2011). The various factors may be reviewed as under: i. GDP & Consumption: Gross Domestic product specifies the market value of the total accepted and recognized final commodities produced over a given time. It represents government spending, exports and consumption. Consumption the largest component of GDP includes the private or household expenditure on goods and private investments also. Investments indicate how the industries invest on manpower and machinery which might act to reduce unemployment and encourage cash flow and production. Increased household expenditure also means that people have the buying power and are maintaining that in spite of inflation. ii. Inflation & Wage rates: refers to the general price of the commodities and services in an economy over time. This means when inflation raises purchasing power of unit money will fall and unless the wage rate increases it will be difficult to purchase the same service over time(Corsetti et al, 2011)( Devereux et al, 2003). Econometric and Social analysis are done by time series data points. Time series is an array of data points which are measured at uniform time intervals to calculate

Impact Of The Internet On Our Society Media Essay

Impact Of The Internet On Our Society Media Essay The Internet is the epitome of the fast moving, dynamic sector of the twenty first centuary. It is arguably the blazon of innovation in communication technologies, services, and the markets over the last 15 or so years, is viewed by many as a communication frontier with many radical transformative potential  [1]  . The Internet and specifically its usage provides an example that how its nature and consequences has been transforming the society. This paper argues that how the internet brings changes and its impact on society. This paper will also try to find out the role of the State in bringing the changes and development into the Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Internet now has become more pervasive than television and radio in todays globalised world. It provides the rare information and examples that was not easily accessible before. With the expansion of the internet and communication technology the development has started taken place. The significance of the Internet has not just in the field communication but also into each and every sphere of life. The extent of Internet is such that anyone can access any information from anywhere. There is no geographical boundaries left as all are removed by the internet communication technology. Cyber has removed the distance as now everybody is so interconnected, people share their ideas, thoughts, suggestions, problems, ideas etc and cyber always welcome them. Internet welcomes the intellectual activities i. e those who wants to express their views are always welcome.  [2]  Internet has emerged as a prominent medium of communication. The issue that has become a prominent focus of debate and a lso is to examine the impact of Internet on society. This also leads to the transforming phase of the society that how the society is been transforming and a new society is been emerging. In this transformation of the society it is the State which plays a major role in the development of the Information and communication technology which leads to the changes. The evolution of Internet was by United States Department of defence Advanced Research Projects Agency Network, APRANET, in 1970 for transferring data and information. But the way it has transformed our society Hauben and Hauben (1997) refer to as Netizens: Net Citizens.  [3]   It has created its own terminology its own world such as search engines (google.com; wikipeadia.com); web pages, web servers, clients, http, POP, DNS, ISDN and various domain names also. In this present world we talk about e-shopping ; e trade e-toys; e-commerce; e-governance; online services etc which shows the desires of our society that how ready it is to adopt these changes of the changing world. Technology and Social Changes: As everything has its positive and negative impact, internets also have its positive as well as its negative impact not only in the society but also into the security, political and economical ways of living. Since 1993 numbers of the net users have been increasing continuously and now days everybody has its own e-mail id and have access to all the information which is available over the Internet. In terms of security, nuclear issues continue to dominate, but with the greater concerns about chemical and biological weapons and their possible use by so-called rogue states such as Iraq, or terrorist groups able to use the global interconnectedness of transport and ICTs to communicate, organize boundaries more easily. Weapons of mass destruction (WMD) as a catch all terms signalled the expanded range of weapons beyond the nuclear seen as threat in the contemporary world. (UK Government, 2002).  [4]  With the arrival of the internet the issue of security becomes more complex and diffi cult to control. Youngs argued that, The more dependent on ICT network individuals, organisations, economies and states become, the more difficult it is to police and control informational boundaries. The digital age feeds on the capturing and transferral of data across increasing numbers of network nodes at ever faster speeds. It is not an overstatement to say that as societies and individuals and entities within them operate via the Internet, whether through e-banking or business, email and chat rooms activity, or political activism, the more they are caught in it, identified by and through the networks they are involved in and the information they contain about them. This is the situation where boundaries can easily collapse, and this goes much further than just the idea that the internet crosses geographical and political divides, and separations between public (institutional) and private (personal) social spaces and places.(Youngs,2001)  [5]   The transnational characteristics of the Internet and its multi-sector nature- economies and politics, public and private commercial and non-profit, formal and informal, institutional and individual and so on- are fundamental to the intricate meaning of the transformations associated with the network society. Many would argue that the internationalisation of the economy, over the twentieth centuary in particular, was a major driver of globalisation, but in the latter part of that centuary ICTs (and to some extent media generally) were integral to that process.  [6]   For blurred boundary between warfare, criminal activity and plain old-fashioned system failure as perhaps one of the greatest difficulties for the nation states. Edward argued Many of the technologies being brought into use are expected to operate across the wide range of platforms-types of computers and types of network, to the extent that different operating systems sharing a network can sometimes have unintended consequences. These can range from system crashes to non- specific random errors. So there is an issue of threshold to be addressed in terms of protective security and military defence. The latter may be good at responding to definite signals, but the small inconsistencies that plague large systems make it difficult to tell when a decisive boundary has been crossed to be able to initiate a large-scale and well-resourced response.(Edward, 2003: 103; my emphasis.)  [7]   The changes into the mode of communication has brought significant and historic changes into the society as well as such developments has given attention on the relationship of communication to the definition and nature of the modern state, its security, identity and democratic processes.  [8]  Internet has become the origin of the communication system in USA. Robert Deibert argues that would withstand a nuclear attack. Young argues that but equally, if not even more interesting are the exponential transformations involving the Internet in all spheres of human and social interactions.  [9]   Young argues about the impact of internet on the economics of the state that while the success of the states becomes significantly linked to digital advances of varying kinds, growing number of citizens are also offered via the Internet an interactive political sphere that extends well beyond the traditional state settings. Reflexive processes impacting on political affiliations and identities are increasingly likely to reflect these expanded circumstances (Youngs, 2001  [10]  ) . With this Internet is representing a completely new virtual social environment, which also links directly the private space of home to the wider world, just as in, some ways, radio and television did, but in case of Internet much more powerfully for example, through interactivity  [11]  . For many people in the world Internet is the medium of exchange of spheres as well as it acts as a medium of global reach. However for some it is not accessible example: digital divide the line which divides the digitally empowered and the digitally poor, hampers the ICT potentials of placing unequal human beings on an equal footing. Digital poverty is much more problematic because it affects not just the traditionally rich but also the traditionally poor and threatens to broaden socio-economic inequalities even further.  [12]  Internet is transforming the lives of human beings and attention must be paid towards the lives of those who are not cyber literate and are disempowered. By making th em cyber literate this problem can be solved and for this purpose active participation is needed. Impact of Internet on Education: Internets help a lot in the field of education by providing new information and keep them updated. It has transformed the relationship between the teachers and the students and gave a new horizon and prospects to it. Example: earlier students were not aware about the current information they depends upon books and newspapers but with the access of Internet they can easily grab the information in whatever language they want and needed. Students learn various languages and can communicate with teachers and experts just by clicking mouse. Internet has now become a source of joy and education both. State is also playing its role in increasing cyber literacy. Government by making various polices is trying to make people participate into the programmes and policies made for the educational purposes. Internet also brings new social environment from private space to the globalised world. As Internet is very helpful for the students and children for their educational purposes in positive aspe cts. However it has its negative aspects also as there are certain websites which are dangerous to them. According to Littleton Colorado, in April 1999(vice-president, Gore) In the field of education children gain access to areas which are not suitable and dangerous. And in other areas also the issues of security is of great concern.  [13]  Firewalls are the issues which are always needed and in great demands for security purposes not only in the field of education but also in business . Internet is the ocean of information, as far as one satisfied it continuously provides information. Political Influence: The Internet explicitly propagates and implicitly spreads western democratic values. These views are mainly spread through some governmental organisations or government-sponsored groups in the West. Internet degrades and repudiates those countries, political parties and governments that have different ideologies from those of the West. It can be used as a tool to harm national sovereignty and interfere with other countries internal affairs.  [14]   Impact of Internet on Culture: The Internet advocates western life styles. These websites displays various aspects of western society and life, and the overwhelming majority of then have positive portrayals of the western life-style. It makes people believe that the West seems to be countries of absolute freedom and paradise for individual achievement where private life is without obstacles and external inferences. This is particularly appealing to the youths whose life philosophy and worldview have yet to mature. They aspire with great diligence to go abroad just to change a way of living. It helps in dominant cultures impact and homogenize in an inferior position. Because the Internet overwhelming is a culture of the English language, it further strengthens throughout the globe the culture based upon the English language. In comparison, cultures based upon any other language have been weakened. It also corrupts peoples mind, influences and changes moral perspective and ethical values. The pornography merchants i n western countries have opened websites. This has led to the Commerce Committee of the U.S Senate to propose the 1995 Communications Act for Good Behaviour to prohibit sex crimes committed on the internet  [15]  However U.S plays a kind of hegemony into the field of Internet. Security threats: Due to hackers nothing is safe on Internet which is transferred. They can strike anywhere and anytime and can hack. According to the Statistics of the US.FBI incidents of the American Internet networks being broken into are rapidly increasing by 30% annually, making the US suffer tremendously.  [16]   Flooding of Information: Waste of time and resources The Internet is capable of providing connectivity to millions of people together. People connected together may create Internet junk such as advertisement; product information etc. It may provide incorrect information which may be real or fake. The creation of unwanted information online is a huge loss of time and cost of searching valuable information as well as people may get mislead easily. The younger generation is highly infected with this because of two factors such as their young age and also they have time to access Internet as much as they want and the information which is available on internet may mislead them to other directions. Conclusion: This paper focussed on how Internet has its impact on our society and how the technology brings social change. How the technology benefits the human beings and how it brings prosperity and welfare and how every citizen is benefitted with the Information and Communication technology. For building information-oriented or cyber literate society state do not need resources to invest more and more into it but it needs creative individuals and comparatively small amount of investment in ICT infrastructure. As anyone can easily provide the information about the product and all the transactions takes place online. Example: Carpet industries in Bhadohi (U.P, India),if someone wants to place an order from US then he need not to come to India but can place order online. Or, Puppets from Rajasthan, can ordered online from anywhere in the world. All the geographical boundaries are been collapsed through Internet as even the smallest information is available on Internet at the cheapest rates. Info rmation and Communication Technology also helps to remove the economical inequalities. And also tries to remove the digital divided or the technological imbalances not only in between the countries which are developed and under-developed but also between the males and females. As Susan Stranges had argued in analysis of global political economy, in advance of the Internet age the importance of technological power for an understanding of continuing US hegemony widespread economic significance of ICTs, and the prominence of major corporations such as Microsoft.  [17]   The impact of the Internet on our society is discussed in this paper on the fields of education; politics; culture; security and economics. All these reflect the needs of the regulatory measures or the cyber laws not only just making but implications also. However an increasingly networked and information driven world as a community is been formed. They can access to all the information which includes e business, cross border political affiliations and activism that may help to form new kinds of identities; individual research activities that enable, for example, citizens to gain access to world press and other official views of governments action; cross national political or personal discussions in chat rooms; email relationships between people who have never met.  [18]  As Young, argued that Internet is both complex as well as easy and through Internet crosses the geographical and political divides and also it brings separation between public and private social spaces and place s. In conclusion, once the Internet is opened it should be used as a tool through which information can be gathered and can be used for the development and welfare purposes and should it not used as an objective. And State should try to gain victory over the challenges such as cyber literacy, bridging the digital divide; providing services online; cyber laws and their implications.

East Is East

East Is East East is East is a play by Ayub Khan-Din, first produced by Tamasha Theatre Company in co-production with the Royal Court and Birmingham Repertory Theatre. It is often cited as one of the key works to bring Asian culture to mainstream British audiences. The play is published by Nick Hern Books. Ayub Khan-Din (born 1961 in Salford, Lancashire) is a British Pakistani actor and playwright. â€Å"When I began to write East is East, I was sitting at my kitchen table pouring out my life story bit by bit.The first draft came incredibly quickly: there's writing what you know and there's writing what you've known your whole life† Given Circumstances  · Who am I? Ella Khan, 46, Irish-Catholic, housewife, works in family shop  · What time is it? Century? Year? Season? Day? Night? Early? Late? Date? 1970’s  · Where am I? UK, Salford, family house, fish and chip shop  · Who is here with me? Family (Husband, 7 children)  · What are my relationships? Husband (Geo rge) – she loves him but doesn’t agree with everything he doesChildren – she tries to protect them from George and what’s them to be happy  · What is my super-objective? Feelings? I consider Ella as the â€Å"victim† of the film. It’s easy to understand that she loves her husband, and wants to please him, but when he starts to decide too much about their children, she doesn’t know what to do anymore  · What is the obstacle? Is there more than one? She finds herself unable to stand up to George until he pushes her too far by abusing their children. Ella Khan Ella has a strong belief in freedom, fairness, family †¦ and Salford.Ella is ferociously protective of her kids. She's learnt that society is hostile to them and also that their father is not prepared to allow them the freedom she herself feels they should have. So she spends a lot of her life fighting for them or keeping things from George to protect them from his anger. I think Ella is like someone who lives under an oppressive regime – she has had to develop cunning, she is sometimes passive, sometimes aggressive and will do anything to make allies. One thing she has above George is that she sees her situation with clarity.He believes that moving to Bradford would solve their problems but Ella knows that the Pakistani community there, especially the women, will never accept her. This is why she has insisted on staying in Salford. Friendships with women are vital to her, with the affection and support they bring, and without Annie, Ella would perish. Whats the story? In EAST IS EAST, George (Om Puri), who is Pakistani, marries Ella (Linda Bassett) and they settle down in Manchester to have seven children and run a fish and chips shop.George wants his children to adopt the religion and customs of Pakistan, yet oldest son Nazir objects to an arranged marriage and bolts in the middle of the wedding ceremony, and in all the family chaos, they ha ve neglected to have their youngest son circumcised. With India at war with Pakistan, George's fear of the loss of his homeland and culture makes him even more concerned about passing on that culture to his children.They go to the mosque, grudgingly, but they feel like Brits and only one of the seven kids wants to live according to Pakistani traditions. The others want the freedom of Western culture. They may feel English, but they look Pakistani, and George fears that the culture they want will never accept them. His neighbors support a politician named Enoch Powell who is calling for repatriation of foreigners. But George and the neighbor do not know that their children are romantically involved.

Arab sheikdoms in the United Arab Emirates Essay

Dubai is one of the seven Arab sheikdoms in the United Arab Emirates (U. A. E. ). Before oil and gas were discovered in 1958, it was among the very poor sheikdoms under British protection and was once called a Trucial State. Today, their sheiks are independent and among the world’s richest men, with a gross annual income of $25. 7 billion. It has vast reserves of oil and natural gas (Ibrahim, 1982). The land is mainly salt mashes, barren desert, and sandy plain. Oases stud the desert areas. To the east, the mountains lie close to the sea. It is also famous as having the highest cost of living in the world – the cheapest apartment rents for $1,000 per month (Peck, 1986). The Emiratians (Dubai people) used to be pirates, fishermen or pearl divers, nomads or oasis farmers. Most are now wage earners or businessmen who feel more conscious of a national identity as a rich and important country. They are famous for two unique sports: (1) camel races, and (2) falconry. Colorful music, dancing and singing also give life to this otherwise dry place. This area of Gulf was notorious for piracy. They preyed on the trade between Europe and China. The British came in 1806 and started to impose oder against the Arab pirates. In 1853, piracy was finally wiped out when the sheiks signed the Perpetual Maritime Truce Agreement with Britain. Thus, the Pirate Coast became the respectable Trucial States (Seale, 1988). Today, Dubai is the largest commercial center and the nerve center for smuggling Western currency, gold, and other goods into the Indian subcontinent, especially Pakistan. Dubai is also the outlet for capital fleeing Afghanistan and Iran. One phenomenon of the oil boom was to fill Dubai’s population (like that of Kuwait and Qatar) mostly with foreigners. The majority of the population or around 50% is Indo-Pakistani outnumber the native Arabs, who populate the land by only 42%. The large foreign population (mostly migrant workers) are lured to Dubai by the high salaries, welfare benefits, and rapid development. To keep discipline, the governing Arab sheiks have emphasized Muslim (Shariah) law, religious education, and the observance of Muslim practices. The Muslim rulers and people are Sunnis, strongly influenced by the strict Wahabi sect of neighboring Saudi Arabia (Peck, 1986). Diplomacy, national security, information, communications, health, education, and the budgets of the three smaller emirates are decided by the federal government. The local sheiks retain control over policy within their emirates. The laws of Dubai (under the United Arab of Emirates) are divided into two main categories: union laws and decrees. A bill drafted by the Council of Ministers for non-binding deliberation by the Federal National Council and then submitted to the president for his assent and the Supreme Council of the Union for ratification becomes a union law when promulgated by the president. Decrees are issued jointly by the president and the Council of Ministers between sessions of the Supreme Council of the Union. As the final say is always on the Supreme Council of the Union, a decree must only be confirmed by them to remain valid (Ibrahim, 1982). Dubai’s political system, which is a unique combination of the traditional and the modern, has underpinned this political success, enabling the country to develop a modern administrative structure while, at the same time, ensuring that the best of the traditions of the past are maintained, adapted and preserved (Ibrahim, 1982). Relations with the other members of the U. A. E. have not always been smooth. The discovery of a big natural gas field in Sharjah reopened a border dispute with Dubai. In November 1982, Dubai sent tanks to the border to prevent Sharjah’s foreign contractors from drilling the field (Seale, 1988). However, not all is coming up roses for Dubai. Bad planning and extravagance have now caused new miseries. In fact, the most outstanding examples of ill-conceived investment in the Arab world are found in the Dubai ports and so-called international airports stand cheek to cheek. Within fifty kilometers of its coast are three major ports, including the Mina Jabel Ali, the biggest manmade port ever built. Its sixty-seven berths are now suffering terrible losses. Being a member of the United Arab Emirates, Dubai has an international airport of its own, making cynics joke that the state boundaries end where the next runway begins. The headquarters of the Arab Monetary Fund in Dubai have polished one-way windows done with gold compound (Peck, 1986). References Ibrahim, Saad Eddin. (1982). The New Arab Social Order: A Study of the Social Impact of Oil Wealth. Westview Press. Peck, Malcolm C. (1986). The United Arab Emirates: A Venture in Unity. Westview Press. Seale, Patrick. (1988). Asad of Syria: The Struggle for the Middle East. University of California Press.